Wednesday, September 29, 2021

notes and recollections 5 : 8 + 9

here I will reconstruct some of the discussions of week 5, meetings 8 and 9 (and perhaps some fragments from week 4, so far neglected).
 


the face, portraits, identity

We talked about the face and how it might relate to identity, and self-identity. Our lines of thought included mirrors (and reflections in water); instagram and social media generally; the blind (and indicators of someone’s identity other than the visual, including voice); ideas of the self (and self-knowledge, which included a glance at the index to William James his Principles of Psychology (1890); physiognomy (”the practice of assessing a person’s character or personality from their outer appearance—especially the face,” wikipedia); prosopagnosia (“from Greek prósōpon, meaning "face", and agnōsía, meaning "non-knowledge", also called face blindness,” wikipedia).

adoption, adoption in literary fiction

The top ten books about adopted children
by Kate Hamer, The Guardian (1 March 2017)
includes Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre (1847) !

And then questions arise, such as : Can we ever really know another? Can we ever know ourselves, other than as fragments of awareness, memory, ideas, allegiances, failures, successes...

The Foundling Museum (in London; opens to about page); instagram

here, and elsewhere during the morning, we saw how an idea or some background motivation (e.g., adoption, or a beloved grandmother’s dementia) can provide the overall “design” or framework in which experimentation and work can proceed.
 


maps and purpose

what can our map tell us? what do maps discover, uncover, cover up?
why map? how does a map relate to a list? a diagram, an index?

Henry showed a much-cleaned up map, combining several data sets. Two of the defined areas had a blob-like appearance, leading to speculation about how such blobs might move around, shape-shift, perhaps take on a life of their own, untethered to data, or even generating (false?) data to support their mutations. A kind of gerrymandering. Meltable moments came to (this) mind —

“The current climate caught in an Emoji
A melting face: for when a smiley just doesn’t capture a collective malaise or anxiety.”
Anna P. Kambhampaty, The New York Times (September 30, 2021) : D3

here (paywall)
pdf at seminar drive.


retro-futurism, images/fantasies of happy futures, and the costs/aftermaths of those futures

We looked at four or five of Melissa’s collages closely. A model's face, frame/held by two hands (one evidently male)... suggesting control even violence... a phrase about making more money (by whom, whose labor, for whom), and at lower left, fragments of a crossword puzzle (leading to the idea that one might create a word-portrait in the form of a crossword puzzle, each clue something from the subject's life, each answer a keyword)...

Another image, a woman's bare back (part of her face visible too), flayed by collagist addition of a barely legible train.

We talked about how a group of such collages (perhaps but not necessarily uniformly sized, cropped etc) might operate as a kind of sequence, whose elements relate to each other, counter each other, add nuances or facets to the puzzle. Crossword puzzle as a mirror.

Melissa’s project is evolving, now taking on more of a critical, reflective cast. A look at the dystopian dimension of future visions.
 


the house in Vermont

Will shared some text about Obadiah Nourse and Mads (Madhouse)[ didn't catch the surname ], their investigation of the attic of the house encountered in the wild, its walls turned to flesh, etc.
A shape for the project came into view: something in the form of a prospectus (for a film or other work, to be presented to potential backers, investors), involving (1) overview; (2) one detailed narrative (e.g., a chapter, perhaps of the aforenamed protagists their journal); (3) supporting 2- and 3-D visuals.
 

Tuesday, September 28, 2021

Keeping Track






 

   

 
 
Images from top to bottom: comparison of the routes (left from tracking, right from memory); annotations of things I saw and remembered from my walk; timeline representing those annotations; comparison of the four elements together. The new elements relate more to the thoughts I have while walking and help me to organize things I noticed. Some of them bring back memories, while some are merely just observations. The timeline is a version of the map without all the bends and turns (as if I took the map and stretched it out into one line). I've found that keeping the timeline helps me remember the walk better, since my thoughts on the walks recall landmarks that help me pinpoint where I may have been at the time a thought occurred.

Below is the journal I kept for this walk. Because I'm recalling things in the order in which they happened, the journal functions more like a list.

 

Journey #5
1.69 miles
30:28
Weather: Sunny. Hot. Sweaty.
Hardie building. Past sketchy area where Melissa mentioned having to walk through. Firetrucks and whale building. Houses. Memory of photoshoot with Kris of Beverly houses. Mindset at first: hard to get into just thinking because I feel like I’m always on guard. House with hummingbird feeder; made me think of Nana because she gave me the hummingbird pin. Turning corner at house with super pretty garden; also reminds me of Nana’s house because she had tons of lawn ornaments and this crystal ball that hung in the window and made rainbows in the house when the light shone through it. Super big tree. Houses that looked ridiculous with big pillars. Brick sidewalks remind me of Stonehill College tours. Went down narrow side street; also reminded me of grandparents driveway because it like I would be coming out in front of their house). Turned around because there was a dead end. Tree with 3 pom poms hanging from its branches. House (or possibly apartments) that had a super big number (36 I think) and cross sticks above it. New salad place on Rantoul. Side street and door I used to go in when I lived in apartment Junior year. Taco place; reminds me of John telling me about Andy Bablo. Turning up Federal street; thinking about Friday morning walk to train because I used to park there and walk to the train station. Stopped at car for lunch bag. Virgin Mary statue #1; reminds me of when John and I were talking about people with cement lawns that had ½ bathtubs sticking out of them and Virgin Mary. Crossed the street because someone was crossing the street to my side. Virgin Mary #2; brain going back to previous conversations. Random phone book near Saint Mary's school. Glared at a car because they stopped to let me cross then they sped up (insert dirty look here). Still some construction on Winter Street; thinking about Papa because the dirt/rocky area like the whole backyard where he works on trucks.

Updated Storyboard & Sketches

 

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Thought Patterns

Working with patterns can show others how to break out of their pattern

The viewer does not know that these patterns can connect to your thoughts. Might be a representation of how I see my own thoughts (brainwaves?)

light becomes dark or vice versa when you change your thoughts. Entertain dark thoughts you see dark. Entertain light thoughts you may change your mood



 

Abstract Arrangements



Using these abstract elements and space to play with placement, arrangement, and how the shapes might move. Maybe it works like a little animation where the shapes move around. Maybe they pile up and fill the page (though McVey fee like that's predictable which I agree with). I will continue to make 16 or 32 pieces to further notice.




 

Tuesday, September 21, 2021

A walk down memory lane? Journeys 1-5

 
Side by side comparisons of the first five journeys: what is supposedly real vs. what is remembered. As I walk, I make mental notes of my surroundings. So far, I've kept a log marking data from my phone and the things I tend to remember. I will visualize these notes in the following journeys.

Summary & Storyboard

Summary

Saturday, September 18, 2021

notes and recollections 3 : 5

week 3, meeting 5 (16 September 2021)
(notes in progress)
 


By zooming into details in collages (of Melissa and Eileen), we looked for and found juxtapositions (occasions of potential significance) that might be exploited, and that might not be apparent or pronounced when viewing the larger image alone.

Gervin walked us through showed some storyboard frames, whose images he will eventually be fine tuning in Blender or similar tools. Gervin will provide a one-or-two paragraph précis of the story, footnoted to the images, as if in a pitch to a source of financing.

We interrogated how we use the word randomness, and how its use is a signal of what is not random in a decision.

We talked about Will’s Dutch colonial-style house — the protagonist in his story — and where limits might be brought in to keep his work from an infinite loop of infinite doors into infinite universes.
 


We continued to think about maps, mapping, walking, getting lost.

John described lingodroids, two robots who must communicate with each other about a new topographic space, using shared starting vocabulary.
Lingodroids were a source of one exercise in a Typography 1 class he has taught.
The lingodroid paper can be found at google drive, file name schulz-etal_ICRA_2011.pdf.
 

Wednesday, September 15, 2021

notes and recollections 3 : 4

(week 3, meeting 4)
 

to everyone :
Please submit updated/revised/overhauled thesis proposals to me (John McVey), via google drive or attached to an e-mail.
I will promptly put them on your respective designers/proposals pages (links at upper right of blog).
 


We watched Bernar Venet knock over (with a forklift truck) a row of large iron arcs... the idea involving accident, the use of accident in one’s process —
Performance Effondrement (at YouTube)

Venet (whom I would describe as a geometrician, poet, sculptor and conceptualist, in no particular order) is quite articulate in interviews, for example,
A Conversation with Bernar Venet, A Renaissance Artist of the Third Millennium, by Laura Tansini in Sculpture Magazine (May 1, 2004)
artnet
wikipedia

There is a curious mix of precision (about measurements, materials, weight, location) and accident (and a kind of blindness, an inability to predict or forsee) in Venet’s working method.
 


maps, mapping (and memory)

Henry showed Google maps of downtown Beverly, around the confluence of Cabot, Knowlton and Winter streets. We discussed what these maps showed, and did not show — made visible, and made invisible. Not every business was named (why not?). Some got reviews, some not (why?). And we discussed other kinds of missing information — topographical/geological information; what bsinesses were at these addresses ten, twenty, even 100 years ago. Certainly left out was this location 400+ years ago, before Europeans began to move in. It was suggested that Henry might add his own points of interest to these maps (e.g., bubble gum in the sidewalks!) — is it possible to customize these maps in Google?

We looked at the Beverly City Directory and North Shore Map for the year 1960, at archive.org. Many (72) volumes, going back to 1903, are available via archive.org. (aside : in 1904, 273 Cabot (until two years ago Maria’s Pizza, now Amazing Pizza and More, was a vacant store)

The Beverly History Room at the Beverly Public Library has these directories, maps, other material relating to the (hidden) history of Beverly (hidden, that is, from a Google Map).

Jessica showed routes of her walks, as tracked by the Under Armour app Map My Walk (GPS Walking & Workout Tracker), and her own recall. it was interesting to see the two versions side by side: the clean (presumably "correct") lines of the app, and her hand-drawn lines of the same routes. The interest was both aesthetic (the different qualities of line) and conceptual ("location memory"). Jessica is also noting things observed (birdcages, etc.). We wondered if one's powers of observation change/improve with practice (we assume yes), and began to consider the value of such observations (beyond the immediate pleasure of simply noticing things during a walk). For example, they provide a kind of snapshot of daily (quotidian) life in Beverly, ca September 2021.

Jessica also showed a drawing of an apartment interior, done from memory and then checked against on-site inspection.
 


patterns, repetition

Andrea is focussing on pattern, pattern and repetition, pattern and variation... what kinds of formal (and other?) variation there might be.

Andrea directed us to and talked about the impact of Lee Krasner’s Untitled, 1949, at MOMA.
We looked at some drawings/weavings done by Anni Albers.

Melissa is working with old issues of Popular Mechanics as found in archive.org and elsewhere, and finding good material in both editorial and advertising with which to address contemporary and future-oriented themes (e.g., climate change, living standards, money/getting rich). Melissa showed a collage made from advertisements in her source material: overwhelming, and yet revealing fascinating juxtapositions and ideas when viewed through a cropping tool.

Eileen will print thumbnails of her snapshot photos, as a starting point. It was in this context that John sketched one possible way of examining/reusing the material.

Examination of the older photos, and even repurposing them in various ways, may (likely) suggest, in addition, avenues for taking new photos.

Emily presented some different kinds of ciphers (Caesar Cipher, Pigpen Cipher) and other substitution codes, as a possible way of proceeding (the specific aim being, to communicate to others, the difficulty some have in reading facial expressions, body language, etc., and also the extra labor that might be expended in processing what to others is just “normal” verbal and gestural communication, but to some involves painstaking deconstruction of coded messages). Emily also returned to her experiments with handwritten words and sentences (repeated) in various ways (collage, etc.). Working with hand (not computer) is important for Emily at this time. We discussed these, and different ways that collaged material might be employed.

John mentioned the work of Nina Katchadourian, specifically her Office Semaphore project (2006)
Interestingly, she categorises that as a Public Project, and does not include it under the heading language/translation

We also considered Hannah Weiner her Code Poems (1982); copy in seminar room, and online here
 


books mentioned

  1. Norman Brosterman, Inventing Kindergarten (2002), LB 1199 B76 1997
  2. John Cage, Notations (1969), ML 96.4 C33
    pdf at monoskop.org 74.4MB
  3. Theresa Sauer, Notations 21 (2009), MT 35 S28 2009.
  4. Jessica Wynne, Do Not Erase : Mathematicians and Their Chalkboards (2021), publisher’s page; on order at Montserrat’s library

    see also “Where Theory Meets Chalk, Dust Flies : A photo survey of the blackboards of mathematicians.”
    Photographs by Jessica Wynne Text by Dennis Overbye Published Sept. 23, 2019 Updated Sept. 24, 2019 New York Times (September 23, 2019; paywall); pdf at seminar google drive

    see also “Why mathematicians just can’t quit their blackboards : Photographer Jessica Wynne captures the peculiar devotion of academics to working out their problems with chalk”
    Nicola Davis, The Observer (Sunday edition of The Guardian), 12 October 2019, here
     

Tuesday, September 14, 2021

Word Connect

Words related to Surrealism

 

Rules for Retracing

These are the rules I set for myself when walking around town and retracing my steps.  

Rules for Retracing

1) Start from a place you know.

2) End in a place you know. It does not have to be the same place where you started, but it can be.

3) Traveling alone is preferable.

4) Track your route. Mark when you started and ended.

5) Keep a log or journal of your experiences and observations.

6) Stay outside for no longer than an hour.

7) When you reach your destination, try your best to remap your route.

8) When completed, compare the route you drew to the one you tracked. Keep records of both.

Asleep, Consciousness

Opposites
Are you asleep or are you conscious?
How aware are you of your thoughts?
Can you watch your thoughts for Resentment, Selfishness, Dishonesty, and Fears? 
When they crop up not if. You can not escape being human.

 

Pattern #1



 

Thursday, September 9, 2021

notes and recollections, 2:3 (= week 2, meeting 3)

 
overlooked / forgotten / remembered details.

I left on the seminar room table, Maurice van Es, his now will not be with us forever (2015), open to the volume textures of childhood.
These are details from photos in a family album, only of textures (e.g., of a sofa or carpet). The book is described at his website.
See also his instagram @mauricevanes.
Mention this especially relating to Eileen’s project.
 


opposites, transformations, sides...
relating in particular to Andrea’s work, but potentially to anyone’s.

View of slate, showing transformations of pointing to a that, that is a this when page turned, that suggests the next that, which becomes a this, and so on. The idea here — associational, but maybe logical too — is the notion of “facets,” of anything, ideas, colors (black, white, gray, warm gray cool gray earl gray... coffee...). Simple idea, but executed with some discipline.

This relates to parataxis/hypotaxis (see bottom of earlier blog post); also to reversals (two faces of a coin: George Washington, general and president (one side), slave owner the other... etc etc.


Samuel Beckett (1906-1989) / wikipedia

Two passages came up, the first from Worstward Ho (1983) —

“All of old. Nothing else ever. Ever tried. Ever failed. No matter. Try again. Fail again. Fail better.”

aside — Tiffany Gill used this passage in her design thesis work, seminar blog (Spring 2012)
and something done earlier (same material)

and the poem “What is the Word” which you can find here.


with regard to facets, or words, ideas, meanings... the chapter The Whiteness of the Whale, in Herman Melville’s Moby-Dick or, The Whale (1851) came up. Here it is at:
Internet Archive; and
gutenberg.org

Wednesday, September 8, 2021

notes, week 2 (meeting 2)

notes (draft); this page in progress, but wanted to provide the Google Books / Hathitrust / Internet Archive info first.
 


searchable scans of books, magazines
came up in discussion of Melissa’s project, and particularly her images from old issues of Popular Mechanics

Google

Advanced Book Search
note that you can specify search terms across one author, one title, or within a date range. You can even search for nonwords (will yield typographic errors, and even results of OCR misreads

Here is the result of one search, John Locke’s Essay Concerning Human Understanding, a later (London, 1877) edition the result of a search for “words” + “error,” yielding “The misuse of words the cause of great errors.”

strengths : fast, good for searches across all texts (without specifying one title or author); thumbnails load extremely fast (and show interesting mis-scans.
shortcomings : poor bibliographic data (metadata); scans are sometimes imperfect.

While we're on the subject of Google Books, here's an Ngram view showing relative frequency of the words “extraterrestrial” and “martian” in the Google Books corpus (which is what it is, so to speak).

Aside —
Probably a good idea to read about what an Ngram actually is, and does. See the Google Ngram info page.
 

Hathitrust

strengths : excellent bibliographic metadata; displays multiple editions (or issues, volumes, years for serials/magazines) in an orderly way; scans have been checked (few or no errors)
shortcomings : pages and thumbnails load relatively slowly.
 

Internet Archive / Wayback Machine

Internet Archive info

Excellent, even for more recent materials, technical documents, even material still copyright protected (for these, one can “borrow” for an hour, then renew); also old instructional films, even Grateful Dead concerts.

strengths : excellent bibliographic metadata; displays multiple editions (or issues, volumes, years for serials/magazines) in an orderly way; scans generally better than found in Google Books
shortcomings : less good for searching words or phrases across some or all volumes (for this, Google can’t be beat); some searches might start with Google, then move to Hathitrust or Internet Archive.

sort findings by “date published”, then click “down” arrow at left, for earliest first.

some results for Popular Mechanics Collection 1902-2016 shown below. A search for Popular Mechanics (but not collection) yields other copies/scans, some in color.
 

There are other searchable scanned book options, for example Gallica in France, and for plain text editions of materials out of copyright, there is always gutenberg.org (aside: the Australian version provides all of Virginia Woolf!). And not discussed here are other options, for materials in Japan or Spain, for example.

Yet another resource — that I have not explored but am told is steadily improving, is the Digital Public Library of America.

But the three tools described above are useful, and become useful in more and more ways, as one becomes familiar with their respective quirks, overlaps, relative strengths and shortcomings.
 


parataxis, hypotaxis
this may have come up in relation to Eileen’s photographs.

from wikipedia

“Parataxis roughly translates to ‘arranging side by side’, while hypotaxis translates to "arranging under’. Parataxis omits subordinating conjunctions while hypotaxis utilizes them such as the terms ‘when’, ‘although’, and ‘after’. Parataxis juxtaposes ideas and thoughts, while hypotaxis subordinates ideas to one another and can show both juxtaposition and transition. Because of this, hypotaxis can show relationships of cause and effect, chronology, and comparison.”

Fair enough, but visually, things can be more complicated. Even in paratactical arrangements of two items, which is at left and which at right may matter; even moreso for three — in a triptych — what is at left, right and center will matter a lot. Are the items in the wings, subordinate to or explanatory to what is in the center? Are we to read from left to right?

And for hyptotaxis, what is above, what below? Is a sequence suggested? or hierarchy? And what of combinations of parataxis and hypotaxis? Of image plus image, or image plus text... and so on.

And obviously there are other basic relationships to consider, e.g., size, or the quality of the image (grainy or high resolution; color or black and white; “picture” or diagram; etc., etc.). Also, space between items in whatever arrangement, signifying something missing, or a pause, a missing comma...
 

Monday, September 6, 2021

notes, week 1 (meeting 1)

for Tuesday 7 September —

Have revised thesis proposal where appropriate, taking into account further thinking and our discussion last Thursday;

Be prepared to show something, or discuss new thinking, ideas, findings; and

read and have some thoughts about three items, that were distributed on paper in class, and can be found in the google drive created for Design Seminar) :

  1. The OED (Oxford English Dictionary) entries for design in its verb and noun forms. These entries include definitions and examples of usage for those respective senses; some of these senses are obsolete or quite limited in scope. The question here is, what senses(s) of design are relevant to what you are doing? What are your “designs” — intentions?
  2. Darcey Steinke, her essay “My Stutter Made Me a Better Writer,” in The New York Times (June 6, 2019)
    I prefer its print title “My stutter made me a writer.”
    The bottom line, “stuttering," which might be likened to “stammering” or to struggling in any way to make sense, is ok.
  3. Heinrich von Kleist, “On the gradual completion of thoughts during speech”
    in the Bosch series type specimen book that you have received via e-mail and in hard copy
    the text is only six pages long — pages 11-17 within the pdf document). It has to do with the importance of conversation (with others) to actually figuring out — hearing — what we think. To that conversation I would add materials, clients, developers, printers, colleagues... Both studio and seminar room are where we can model that conversation, to see where it leads (us, individually).
  4. I also handed out (but didn’t put on Drive), Immaculate Heart College Art Department Rules (1965-1968), shown below and worth thinking about.

The same (and some background on Sister Corita Kent) at and via brainpickings
 


thoughts and afterthoughts, references
 


  1. primitive futurismo
    for Gervin, Melissa

    Colonel Bleep (1957)
    watch here
    primitive futurismo (inflected by Cold War ideas, too!)
     


  2. photos, the social photo, the unshared photo
    for Eileen

    John Kramer, Dailies: installation (partial)
    Hallspace Gallery, November, 2005. A project of photographing the Arnold Arboretum every day on the way to work. This wall piece shows every photograph taken.

    Nathan Jurgenson’s book The Social Photo: On Photography and Social Media (2019) is relevant, I think. The short book is longer than it needs to be; a review that is now uploaded to the 405F21 Google Drive gives a quick overview —

    Leah Ollman, “Review: Writing the book on selfies — sociologist reframes social photos,” Los Angeles Times (August 10, 2019)
     
    The question is, what are we doing when we “take” photos? are they always the same thing? are they even “about” the picture?
     


  3. house, houses
    for Will

    see Tatsuya Tanaka 田中達也, his miniature houses/scenes/art at @tanaka_tatsuya

    may have mentioned this previously — “The Woman Who Invented Forensics Training with Doll Houses,” by Elizabeth Evitts Dickinson, The New Yorker (November 5, 2017) : here (I may have this in print version, stay tuned)

    Ask to look at Georges Perec, Life: A User's Manual (1978, David Bellos, trans, 1987), described at wikipedia, for example —

    One of Perec’s long-standing projects was the description of a Parisian apartment block as it could be seen if the entire facade were removed, exposing every room. Perec was obsessed with lists: such a description would be exhaustive down to the last detail...

    Maybe think about pop-ups of architectural drawings; will show something (from the 1930s) about “Folding drawings of famous tea houses.”
    link (Ursus Books, catalogue description)

    Perhaps let the house — not the agonied residents — be the “protagonist.” Let the residents be visitors, tenants... who leave their marks on the scarred, year-after-year mutating, house.

    Let language (not yours, but from somewhere/someone else, e.g., Emily Dickinson) leak in...

    The word “stanza” means “room” in Italian.

    See Jeremy Rodas, his thesis project “Momento” (Fall 2017, Spring 2018). (Where he mapped cracks and other insults in the walls of the Hardie Building.) There have been some other thesis projects devoted to houses, buildings, rooms. See for example Lana Wheeler her “The Closet” (2012).


  4. map, maps, mapping
    for Henry
     
    A tusk, as map? —
    “A Woolly Mammoth’s Tusks Reveal a Map of Where It Roamed in Life”
    The technique used to reconstruct the animal’s 28-year journey across prehistoric Alaska could solve mysteries about the demise of the elephant-like mammals.
    By Kenneth Chang, New York Times (August 12, 2021) : here (and in the 405F21 Google Drive.

    Paula Scher, Maps (2011), description

    In what different ways are the words “map,” “mapping,” used?
    How many kinds of maps might describe one neighborhood? or even street? What goes on in that neighborhood or street, that doesn’t obviously involve the humans who live there?


  5. retrofuturist imaginings
    for Melissa

    Is there a story or argument these visualizations are supporting? What is it? How far back in memory (history) must we go, to come up with something relevant to the scenarios that may well lie ahead?


  6. streetwear... brand versus style... social media (and keeping some work separate)
    for Brooke

    Being always under surveillance (social media) can have good and less good results. One might self-edit, pre-edit, hold nothing in reserve... be too attuned or even hostage to “likes,” reblogs, etc.

    Important to just make stuff, content, designs. try them on different materials, canvases. experiment (and never stop the experimenting. Let this work feed or leak into the business side, the message side.

    Be willing to kill what you love, says painter Susan Rothenberg in an interview I read yesterday. When everyone said, don’t paint horses, she painted horses. Later, she moved on. This interview, and a more recent review of her posthumous show in Chicago (and later New York) are in the 405F21 Google Drive.

    Liv Varney livvarney.com, @livvarney

Wednesday, September 1, 2021

first meeting

First meeting tomorrow Thursday, 8:20am. We will go through the syllabus and the various spaces for seminar (the room, this blog, etc.); discuss studio space; and introduce ourselves (and our thesis/project ideas). I will also distribute keys to the H-309 seminar/studio room.

The syllabus can be found at canvas, where it will be subject to tweaks etc.

I will be adding thesis proposals to the "designers, proposals" pages linked from column at right, but will wait until I have received updated (and perhaps streamlined) versions. All proposals should have a working title; if they are long, a tweet-length summary is often useful.

I will probably be updating this blog post during the day.